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A Theoretical Discussion of Further Substitution in Disubstituted Naphthalenes. Part IV‐A Comparison of the Sulphonation and Nitration of Polynitronaphthalenes, Naphthalene Polysulphonic Acids and Naphthalene Nitrosulphonic Acids
Author(s) -
Hodgson H. H.,
Ward E. R.
Publication year - 1947
Publication title -
journal of the society of dyers and colourists
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.297
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1478-4408
pISSN - 0037-9859
DOI - 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1947.tb02466.x
Subject(s) - oleum , nitration , naphthalene , chemistry , organic chemistry , medicinal chemistry , nitro , nitric acid , resonance (particle physics) , electrophilic aromatic substitution , alkyl , physics , particle physics
It is found that at low temperatures the sulphonation and nitration of naphthalene, and the further sulphonation and nitration of its nitro, surphonic acid and nitrosulphonic acid derivatives, takes place in accordance with theories advanced in Parts I 1(a) II 1(b) and III 1(b) of this aeries. Only at high temperatures and with particular compositions of the reaction medium (e.g whether in sulphuric acid or oleum of various strengths) does sulphonation appear anomalous, although such anomalies have been resolved by, the explanations advanced in the previous parts. The introduction into general use of the rules of Veselý and Jake 2 , as modified by resonance theory, in place of those of Amstrong and Wynne 3 , therefore appears to be justified.