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Interaction of alcohol intake and cofactors on the risk of cirrhosis
Author(s) -
Stroffolini Tommaso,
Cotticelli Gaetano,
Medda Emanuela,
Niosi Marco,
Del VecchioBlanco Camillo,
Addolorato Giovanni,
Petrelli Enzo,
Salerno Maria T.,
Picardi Antonio,
Bernardi Mauro,
Almasio Piero,
Bellentani Stefano,
Surace Lorenzo A.,
Loguercio Carmela
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
liver international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.873
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1478-3231
pISSN - 1478-3223
DOI - 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02261.x
Subject(s) - cirrhosis , medicine , hbsag , gastroenterology , alcohol , alcoholic liver disease , odds ratio , risk factor , body mass index , hepatitis b , alcohol intake , hepatitis c virus , hepatitis b virus , virus , immunology , biology , biochemistry
Abstract Objective: Evaluation of the interaction between alcohol intake and cofactors [hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), body mass index] and coffee consumption on the risk of cirrhosis. Design: Seven hundred and forty‐nine consecutive patients with chronic liver disease referring to units for liver or alcohol diseases in Italy during a 6‐months period. Teetotalers were excluded. The odds ratios (OR) for cirrhosis were evaluated using chronic hepatitis cases as the control group. Results: An alcohol intake of more than 3 units/day resulted associated with the likelihood of cirrhosis both in males (OR 4.3; 95% CI=2.5–7.3) and in females (OR 5.7; 95% CI=2.3–14.5). A multiplicative interaction on the risk of cirrhosis between risky alcohol intake and HBsAg or HCV‐Ab/HCV‐RNA positivity was observed. A reduction of cirrhosis risk was observed in subjects consuming more than 3 alcohol units/day with increasing coffee intake. The OR for the association with cirrhosis decreased from 2.3 (95% CI=1.2–4.4) in subjects drinking 0–2 cups of coffee/day to 1.4 (95% CI=0.6–3.6) in those drinking more than 2 cups/day. Conclusions: In subjects with an alcohol intake >3 units/day the coexistence of HBV or HCV multiplies the risk of cirrhosis. Coffee represents a modulator of alcoholic cirrhosis risk.