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Aerobic exercise reduces oxidative stress and improves vascular changes of small mesenteric and coronary arteries in hypertension
Author(s) -
Roque Fernanda R,
Briones Ana M,
GarcíaRedondo Ana B,
Galán María,
MartínezRevelles Sonia,
Avendaño Maria S,
Cachofeiro Victoria,
Fernandes Tiago,
Vassallo Dalton V,
Oliveira Edilamar M,
Salaices Mercedes
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
british journal of pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.432
H-Index - 211
eISSN - 1476-5381
pISSN - 0007-1188
DOI - 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02224.x
Subject(s) - mesenteric arteries , medicine , vasodilation , apocynin , aerobic exercise , endocrinology , coronary arteries , vascular smooth muscle , cardiology , endothelial dysfunction , artery , oxidative stress , electrical impedance myography , internal elastic lamina , aorta , nadph oxidase , smooth muscle
Background and Purpose Regular physical activity is an effective non‐pharmacological therapy for prevention and control of hypertension. We investigated the effects of aerobic exercise training in vascular remodelling and in the mechanical and functional alterations of coronary and small mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ). Experimental Approach N ormotensive W istar K yoto ( WKY ), SHR and SHR trained on a treadmill for 12 weeks were used to evaluate vascular structural, mechanical and functional properties. Key Results Exercise did not affect lumen diameter, wall thickness and wall/lumen ratio but reduced vascular stiffness of coronary and mesenteric arteries from SHR . Exercise also reduced collagen deposition and normalized altered internal elastic lamina organization and expression of MMP‐9 in mesenteric arteries from SHR . Exercise did not affect contractile responses of coronary arteries but improved the endothelium‐dependent relaxation in SHR . In mesenteric arteries, training normalized the increased contractile responses induced by U 46619 and by high concentrations of acetylcholine. In vessels from SHR , exercise normalized the effects of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin and the NOS inhibitor l ‐ NAME in vasodilator or vasoconstrictor responses, normalized the increased O 2 − production and the reduced C u/ Z n superoxide dismutase expression and increased NO production. Conclusions and Implications Exercise training of SHR improves endothelial function and vascular stiffness in coronary and small mesenteric arteries. This might be related to the concomitant decrease of oxidative stress and increase of NO bioavailability. Such effects demonstrate the beneficial effects of exercise on the vascular system and could contribute to a reduction in blood pressure.