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Local application of drugs to sympathetic nerve terminals: an electrophysiological analysis of the role of prejunctional α‐adrenoceptors in the guinea‐pig vas deferens
Author(s) -
Brock J.A.,
Cunnane T.C.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
british journal of pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.432
H-Index - 211
eISSN - 1476-5381
pISSN - 0007-1188
DOI - 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12218.x
Subject(s) - yohimbine , vas deferens , endocrinology , reserpine , clonidine , medicine , phentolamine , tyramine , purinergic receptor , chemistry , oxymetazoline , prazosin , agonist , pharmacology , antagonist , biology , receptor , stimulation
1 Focal extracellular recording techniques were used to study the effects of clonidine, yohimbine and tyramine on the intermittent transmitter release mechanism in the guinea‐pig vas deferens in vitro . Drugs were applied locally to the varicosities located within the recording electrode. Statistical methods were used to determine whether noradrenaline (NA) acts locally to inhibit secretion from the same or a closely related release site (local regulation) on an impulse‐to‐impulse basis. 2 The α‐adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, inhibited transmitter release, an effect reversed by the α‐adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine. Yohimbine alone increased action potential‐evoked transmitter release, findings consistent with the idea that transmitter release is regulated through prejunctional α‐adrenoceptors. 3 The indirectly acting sympathomimetic, tyramine, powerfully inhibited evoked transmitter release, an effect reversed by both yohimbine and phentolamine. The inhibitory effects of tyramine were greatly reduced in tissues taken from animals pretreated with reserpine. Clonidine powerfully inhibited transmitter release in reserpinized tissues showing that prejunctional α‐adrenoceptors were functionally intact. The inhibitory effects of tyramine on transmitter release are therefore mediated indirectly through the release of endogenous NA. 4 Paradoxically, when transmitter release from a small population of variscosities on a single nerve fibre was studied in the absence of α‐adrenoceptor antagonists, no evidence was found for local regulation of transmitter release. 5 The intermittent character of the transmitter release process makes it difficult to envisage how impulse‐to‐impulse regulation could occur. Furthermore, it is unlikely that NA will accumulate to any appreciable extent in the vicinity of the secreting varicosity. 6 The pharmacological evidence clearly supports the view that NA released from sympathetic nerve terminals by nerve impulses modulates subsequent transmitter release. However, the evidence does not support the view that released NA acts locally to inhibit secretion from recently activated varicosities.