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Comparison of fluid types for resuscitation after acute blood loss in mallard ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos )
Author(s) -
Lichtenberger Marla,
Orcutt Connie,
Cray Carolyn,
Thamm Douglas H.,
DeBehnke Daniel,
Page Cheryl,
Mull Lori,
Kirby Rebecca
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of veterinary emergency and critical care
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.886
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1476-4431
pISSN - 1479-3261
DOI - 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00465.x
Subject(s) - resuscitation , medicine , phlebotomy , anesthesia , blood volume , anas , surgery , biology , genetics
Objective– The purpose of this study was to determine the LD 50 for acute blood loss in mallard ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ), compare the mortality rate among 3 fluid resuscitation groups, and determine the time required for a regenerative RBC response. Design– Prospective study. Setting– Medical College of Wisconsin Research facility. Animals– Eighteen mallard ducks were included for the LD 50 study and 28 for the fluid resuscitation study. Interventions– Phlebotomy was performed during both the LD 50 and fluid resuscitation studies. Ducks in the fluid resuscitation study received a 5 mL/kg intravenous bolus of crystalloids, hetastarch (HES), or a hemoglobin‐based oxygen‐carrying solution (HBOCS). Measurements and Main Results– The LD 50 for acute blood loss was 60% of total blood volume. This blood volume was removed in the fluid resuscitation study to create a model of acute blood loss. Following fluid administration, 6 birds in the crystalloid group (66%), 4 birds in the HES group (40%), and 2 birds in the HBOCS group (20%) died. No statistical difference in mortality rate was seen among the 3 fluid resuscitation groups. Relative polychromasia evaluated post‐phlebotomy demonstrated regeneration starting at 24 hours and continuing through 48 hours. Conclusions– The LD 50 for acute blood loss in mallard ducks was 60% of their total blood volume. Although no statistical difference in mortality rate was appreciated among the 3 fluid resuscitation groups, a trend of decreased mortality rate was observed in the HBOCS group. An early regenerative response was apparent following acute blood loss.