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Cup‐to‐disc and arteriole‐to‐venule ratios in children aged 6–7 and 12–13 years
Author(s) -
McClelland Julie F,
O’Donoghue Lisa,
McIntyre Marta,
Saunders Kathryn J
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
ophthalmic and physiological optics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.147
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1475-1313
pISSN - 0275-5408
DOI - 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00878.x
Subject(s) - fundus (uterus) , medicine , ophthalmology , arteriole , refractive error , venule , optometry , astigmatism , visual acuity , optics , physics , circulatory system , endothelium
Citation information: McClelland JF, O’Donoghue L, McIntyre M & Saunders KJ. Cup‐to‐disc and arteriole‐to‐venule ratios in children aged 6–7 and 12–13 years. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2011.00878.x Abstract Purpose: Little data exist detailing the normal cup‐to‐disc (CD) ratios and arteriole‐to‐venule (A/V) ratios of school age children. In addition, controversy exists in the literature regarding associations between CD and A/V ratios and visual and biometric parameters. The present study investigates the success rates of obtaining useable optic disc images from the portable Nidek Handheld Non‐Mydriatic Fundus Camera (NM‐200D) from school‐age children and describes the distribution of CD ratios and A/V ratios in children aged 6–7 years of age and 12–13 years of age. In addition, the present study explores associations between CD and A/V ratios and a range of visual function and biometric parameters in children. Methods: Fundus images were obtained from 195 6–7 year old children and 227 12–13 year old children participating in a wider study of visual function in childhood (Northern Ireland Childhood Errors of Refraction Study or NICER). ImageJ software was used to obtain CD and A/V ratios from the digital images. Visual function measures and biometric parameters were also available for all participants including; cycloplegic refractive error, vision, corneal curvature, axial length, height and weight. Results: One hundred and eighty fundus images (92.3%) from the 6–7 year olds and 194 images (85.5%) from the 12–13 year olds children were considered useable. Analysis (one way anova ) demonstrated statistically significant differences between CD ratios and A/V ratios between the age groups. Participants aged 12–13 years had larger CD ratios and smaller A/V ratios (mean CD ratio 0.37 ± 0.09, mean A/V ratio 0.75 ± 0.10) than 6–7 year old participants (mean CD ratio 0.30 ± 0.09, mean A/V ratio 0.78 ± 0.12). No significant associations were noted between CD ratios and A/V ratio and any visual, ocular or biometric parameters. Conclusions: The present study provides novel normative data on CD and A/V ratios in UK school age children for clinicians in practice.