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Physiological determinants of the variation in left ventricular mass from early adolescence to late adulthood in healthy subjects
Author(s) -
Cain Peter A.,
Ahl Ragnhild,
Hedstrom Erik,
Ugander Martin,
AllansdotterJohnsson Ase,
Friberg Peter,
Marild Staffan,
Arheden Hakan
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
clinical physiology and functional imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.608
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1475-097X
pISSN - 1475-0961
DOI - 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2007.00735.x
Subject(s) - medicine , bayesian multivariate linear regression , young adult , body surface area , hemodynamics , blood pressure , body mass index , cardiology , linear regression , demography , endocrinology , machine learning , sociology , computer science
Summary Background: The physiological determinants of left ventricular mass (LVM) measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging are not well defined as prior investigators have studied either adults or adolescents in isolation or have not strictly excluded hypertension or accounted for the effects of exercise habits, haemodynamic, demographic, or body shape characteristics. Methods: Ninety‐seven healthy volunteers (11–81 years, 51 males) underwent CMR. All parameters [unstandardized and adjusted for body surface area (BSA)] were analysed according to gender and by adolescence versus adulthood (adolescents <20 years, adults ≥20 years). The influence of haemodynamic factors, exercise and demographic factors on LVM were determined with multivariate linear regression. Results: Left ventricular mass rose during adolescence and declined in adulthood. LVM and LVMBSA were higher in males both in adults (LVM: 188 ± 22 versus 140 ± 21 g, P <0·001; LVMBSA: 94 ± 11 versus 80 ± 11 g m −2 , P <0·001) and in adolescents when adjusted for BSA (LVM: 128 ± 29 versus 107 ± 20 g, P = 0·063; LVMBSA: 82 ± 8 versus 71 ± 10 g m −2 , P = 0·025). In adults, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and self‐reported physical activity increased while meridional and circumferential wall stress were constant with age. Multivariate regression analysis revealed age, gender and BSA as the major determinants of LVM (global R 2 = 0·68). Conclusions: Normal LVM shows variation over a broad age range in both genders with a rise in adolescence and subsequent decline with increasing age in adulthood despite an increase in SBP and physical activity. BSA, age and gender were found to be major contributors to the variation in LVM in healthy adults, while haemodynamic factors, exercise and wall stress were not.