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Norfloxacin and ursolic acid: in vitro association and postantibiotic effect against Staphylococcus aureus
Author(s) -
Filocamo A.,
Bisignano C.,
D’Arrigo M.,
Ginestra G.,
Mandalari G.,
Galati E.M.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
letters in applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.698
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1472-765X
pISSN - 0266-8254
DOI - 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03090.x
Subject(s) - norfloxacin , staphylococcus aureus , ursolic acid , antimicrobial , microbiology and biotechnology , in vitro , minimum inhibitory concentration , antibacterial agent , methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus , chemistry , micrococcaceae , bacteria , antibiotics , biology , biochemistry , ciprofloxacin , chromatography , genetics
Aims: We investigated the effectiveness in vitro of the association between norfloxacin (NOR) and ursolic acid (UA) against Staphylococcus aureus . Methods and Results: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the minimal bactericidal concentrations, the bacterial killing and the postantibiotic effect (PAE) of NOR and UA were determined both singly and in combination. A synergistic interaction was observed against Staph. aureus ATCC 29213: the mean PAEs were 3 h for NOR, −1·2 h for UA (1 × MIC) and 2·0 h for UA (2 × MIC). Synergism was observed with longer PAEs and postantibiotic sub‐MIC effects after NOR/UA exposure. UA was also active against clinical isolates and methicillin‐resistant Staph. aureus . Conclusions: The application of antimicrobial combinations may address the rising resistance to established classes of both systemic and topical agents. Significance and Impact of the Study: In vitro interactions between NOR and UA may contribute to the development of novel topical agents for the treatment of skin infections as well as for topical formulations.