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In vivo enzymatic digestion, in vitro xylanase digestion, metabolic analogues, surfactants and polyethylene glycol ameliorate laccase production from Ganoderma sp. kk‐02
Author(s) -
Sharma K.K.,
Kapoor M.,
Kuhad R.C.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
letters in applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.698
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1472-765X
pISSN - 0266-8254
DOI - 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01721.x
Subject(s) - laccase , bran , chemistry , xylanase , solid state fermentation , food science , peg ratio , polyethylene glycol , fermentation , biochemistry , enzyme , organic chemistry , raw material , finance , economics
Aims: The effect of in vivo enzymatic digestion (IVED), in vitro xylanase digestion (IVXD), metabolic analogues, surfactants and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on laccase production from Ganoderma sp. kk‐02 was studied. Methods and Results: An acidic laccase producing Ganoderma sp. kk‐02 produced 16·0 U ml −1 and 365·0 U g −1 of laccase, when grown under submerged (SmF) and solid state (SSF) fermentation conditions, respectively. Modification of the substrate (wheat bran) molecular architecture by IVED and IVXD increased subsequent laccase production from Ganoderma sp. kk‐02 by 1·31‐fold (21·0 U ml −1 ) (SmF); 2·21‐fold (810·0 U g −1 ) (SSF) and 1·10‐fold (18·0 U ml −1 ) (SmF); 1·78‐fold (650·0 U g −1 ) (SSF) when compared with untreated wheat bran. Further enhancement in laccase yield under SmF and SSF was obtained when IVED treated wheat bran was used in conjunction with amino acids [ dl ‐tryptophan, 2·66‐fold (56·0 U ml −1 ) SmF; 2·86‐fold (2324·0 U g −1 ) SSF], vitamins [biotin, 1·71‐fold (36·0 U ml −1 ) SmF; 3·06‐fold (2483·0 U g −1 ) SSF], surfactants [Tween‐40, 1·85‐fold (39·0 U ml −1 ) SmF; 2·25‐fold (1828·0 U g −1 ) SSF], and PEG [PEG 6000, 1·93‐fold (40·0 U ml −1 ) SmF; 1·58‐fold (1284·0 U g −1 ) SSF]. Conclusions: The IVED of substrate (wheat bran) facilitated hyper laccase production in presence of additives from Ganoderma sp. kk‐02. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study highlights a new methodology viz. IVED for concomitant and economic production of diverse enzymes using the same substrate. The hyper laccase levels obtained could improve the economic competitiveness of environmentally benign processes applied in varied industries. The work also provides an insight into the regulation of complex metabolic pathways governing the expression of extra cellular proteins from white‐rot fungi.