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Effects of neuroinflammation on the regenerative capacity of brain stem cells
Author(s) -
Russo Isabella,
Barlati Sergio,
Bosetti Francesca
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07168.x
Subject(s) - neurogenesis , neuroinflammation , subventricular zone , dentate gyrus , neural stem cell , neuroscience , microglia , hippocampus , stem cell , subgranular zone , biology , inflammation , psychology , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology
J. Neurochem. (2011) 116 , 947–956. Abstract In the adult brain, neurogenesis under physiological conditions occurs in the subventricular zone and in the dentate gyrus. Although the exact molecular mechanisms that regulate neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation are largely unknown, several factors have been shown to affect neurogenesis. Decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus has been recognized as one of the mechanisms of age‐related brain dysfunction. Furthermore, in pathological conditions of the central nervous system associated with neuroinflammation, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines can affect the capacity of brain stem cells and alter neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on the effects of neuroinflammation on adult neurogenesis and discuss the use of the lipopolysaccharide‐model to study the effects of inflammation and reactive‐microglia on brain stem cells and neurogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the possible causes underlying reduced neurogenesis with normal aging and potential anti‐inflammatory, pro‐neurogenic interventions aimed at improving memory deficits in normal and pathological aging and in neurodegenerative diseases.