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Serotonin released from amacrine neurons is scavenged and degraded in bipolar neurons in the retina
Author(s) -
Ghai Kanika,
Zelinka Christopher,
Fischer Andy J.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06270.x
Subject(s) - serotonin , amacrine cell , neuroscience , neurotransmitter , retina , reuptake , monoamine neurotransmitter , monoamine oxidase , neuron , serotonin transporter , biology , monoaminergic , chemistry , central nervous system , biochemistry , receptor , enzyme
The neurotransmitter serotonin is synthesized in the retina by one type of amacrine neuron but accumulates in bipolar neurons in many vertebrates. The mechanisms, functions and purpose underlying serotonin accumulation in bipolar cells remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous serotonin transiently accumulates in a distinct type of bipolar neuron. KCl‐mediated depolarization causes the depletion of serotonin from amacrine neurons and, subsequently, serotonin is taken‐up by bipolar neurons. The accumulation of endogenous and exogenous serotonin by bipolar neurons is blocked by selective reuptake inhibitors. Exogenous serotonin is specifically taken‐up by bipolar neurons even when serotonin‐synthesizing amacrine neurons are destroyed; excluding the possibility that serotonin diffuses through gap junctions from amacrine into bipolar neurons. Further, inhibition of monoamine oxidase A prevents the degradation of serotonin in bipolar neurons, suggesting that monoamine oxidase A is present in these neurons. However, the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 is present only in amacrine cells suggesting that serotonin is not transported into synaptic vesicles and reused as a transmitter in the bipolar neurons. We conclude that the serotonin‐accumulating bipolar neurons perform glial functions in the retina by actively transporting and degrading serotonin that is synthesized in neighboring amacrine cells.