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Multiple protective activities of neuroglobin in cultured neuronal cells exposed to hypoxia re‐oxygenation injury
Author(s) -
Duong Thi Thuy Hong,
Witting Paul Kenneth,
Antao Shane Tony,
Parry Sarah Nicole,
Kennerson Marina,
Lai Barry,
Vogt Stefan,
Lay Peter Andrew,
Harris Hugh Hamlyn
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05846.x
Subject(s) - neuroglobin , microbiology and biotechnology , viability assay , oxidative stress , programmed cell death , biology , mitochondrion , cell , chemistry , biochemistry , apoptosis , globin , gene
Oxidative stress is associated with the pathology of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disease. We have cloned a human neuroglobin (Nb) construct and over‐expressed this protein in cultured human neuronal cells to assess whether Nb ameliorates the cellular response to experimental hypoxia‐reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Parental cells transfected with a blank (pDEST40) vector responded to H/R injury with a significant decrease in cellular ATP at 5 and 24 h after insult. This was coupled with increases in the cytosolic Ca 2+ , and the transition metals iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) within the cell body, as monitored simultaneously using X‐ray fluorescence microprobe imaging. Parental cell viability decreased over the same time period with a ∼4 to 5‐fold increase in cell death (maximum ∼25%) matched by an increase in caspase 3/7 activation (peaking at a 15‐fold increase after 24 h) and condensation of β‐actin along axonal processes. Over‐expression of Nb inhibited ATP loss and except for significant decreases in the sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K) and Ca 2+ contents, maintained cellular ion homeostasis after H/R insult. This resulted in increased cell viability, significantly diminished caspase activation and maintenance of the β‐actin cytoskeletal structure and receptor‐mediated endocytosis. These data indicate that bolstering the cellular content of Nb inhibits neuronal cell dysfunction promoted by H/R insult through multiple protective actions including: (i) maintenance of cellular bioenergetics; (ii) inhibition of Ca 2+ influx; (iii) a reduction in cellular uptake of Fe, Cu and Zn at the expense of S, Cl and K; and (iv) an enhancement of cell viability through inhibiting necrosis and apoptosis.