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Parkin protects against tyrosinase‐mediated dopamine neurotoxicity by suppressing stress‐activated protein kinase pathways
Author(s) -
Hasegawa Takafumi,
Treis Angela,
Patenge Nadja,
Fiesel Fabienne C.,
Springer Wolfdieter,
Kahle Philipp J.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05277.x
Subject(s) - parkin , neuroprotection , protein kinase a , kinase , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , neurotoxicity , ask1 , p38 mitogen activated protein kinases , ubiquitin ligase , signal transduction , biochemistry , chemistry , ubiquitin , mitogen activated protein kinase kinase , pharmacology , parkinson's disease , medicine , disease , organic chemistry , toxicity , gene
Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) motor symptoms are caused by degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. The most common causes of hereditary PD are mutations in the PARKIN gene. The ubiquitin ligase parkin has been shown to mediate neuroprotection in cell culture and in vivo , but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the effects of parkin in a human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cell culture model of PD, in which transcriptional induction of the enzyme tyrosinase causes a neurotoxic overproduction of cellular DA and its oxidative metabolites. Tyrosinase induction caused formation of reactive oxygen species in the cytosol and mitochondria, and neurotoxicity via activation of apoptotic stress‐activated protein kinases and caspase 3. Stable transfection of wild‐type parkin suppressed tyrosinase‐induced apoptosis, and PD‐associated mutations abolished the neuroprotective effect of parkin. Expression of wild‐type parkin did not affect reactive oxygen species production, but attenuated the tyrosinase‐induced activation of both c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase as well as their cognate mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinases. PD‐associated mutations differentially affected the anti‐apoptotic signaling of parkin. Thus, parkin contributes to DAergic neuroprotection by suppression of apoptotic stress‐activated protein kinase pathways.