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A highly sulfated chondroitin sulfate preparation, CS‐E, prevents excitatory amino acid‐induced neuronal cell death
Author(s) -
Sato Yoshiaki,
Nakanishi Keiko,
Tokita Yoshihito,
Kakizawa Hiroko,
Ida Michiru,
Maeda Hiroshi,
Matsui Fumiko,
Aono Sachiko,
Saito Akiko,
Kuroda Yoshiyuki,
Hayakawa Masahiro,
Kojima Seiji,
Oohira Atsuhiko
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05107.x
Subject(s) - excitotoxicity , neuroprotection , glutamate receptor , programmed cell death , kainate receptor , chondroitin sulfate , ampa receptor , sulfation , chemistry , nmda receptor , biochemistry , glutamic acid , pharmacology , apoptosis , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , receptor , amino acid , glycosaminoglycan
J. Neurochem . (2008) 104, 1565–1576. Abstract Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a major microenvironmental molecule in the CNS, and there have been few reports about its neuroprotective activity. As neuronal cell death by excitotoxicity is a crucial phase in many neuronal diseases, we examined the effect of various CS preparations on neuronal cell death induced by the excitotoxicity of glutamate analogs. CS preparations were added to cultured neurons before and after the administration of glutamate analogs. Then, the extents of both neuronal cell death and survival were estimated. Pre‐administration of a highly sulfated CS preparation, CS‐E, significantly reduced neuronal cell death induced by not only NMDA but also ( S )‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid or kainate. Neither CS preparations other than CS‐E nor other highly sulfated polysaccharides such as heparin and dextran sulfate exerted any neuroprotective effects. NMDA‐induced current in neurons was not changed by pre‐administration of CS‐E, but the pattern of protein‐tyrosine phosphorylation was changed. In addition, the elevation of caspase 3 activity was significantly suppressed in CS‐E‐treated neurons. These results indicate that CS‐E prevents neuronal cell death mediated by various glutamate receptors, and suggest that phosphorylation‐related intracellular signals and the suppression of caspase 3 activation are implicated in neuroprotection by CS‐E.