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Cell and agonist‐specific regulation of genes for matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors by primary glial cells
Author(s) -
Crocker Stephen J.,
Milner Richard,
PhamMitchell Ngan,
Campbell Iain L.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03927.x
Subject(s) - microglia , biology , gene expression , neuroglia , matrix metalloproteinase , astrocyte , tumor necrosis factor alpha , neuroinflammation , microbiology and biotechnology , innate immune system , cell type , messenger rna , immunology , inflammation , cell , immune system , endocrinology , central nervous system , gene , biochemistry
An imbalance in the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) : tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) ratio may be associated with tissue injury. Here, we studied the regulation of TIMP and MMP gene expression in primary glial cultures to ascertain the factors involved in the regulation of these genes in conditions of inflammatory neuropathology. Astrocytes were found to basally express TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐3 mRNA while microglia expressed only TIMP‐2 mRNA. TIMP‐4 mRNA was not detectable in either cell type. Treatment with interferon‐α (IFN‐α), IFN‐γ, interleukin‐3 (IL‐3), IL‐6 or tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) did not alter expression of the TIMP genes. However, in astrocytes, but not in microglia, serum, IL‐1β or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evoked a dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in TIMP‐1 mRNA and a coincident down‐regulation of the TIMP‐3 gene. Astrocytes were found to express mRNA constitutively for MMPs ‐3, ‐11 and ‐14. In contrast, microglia expressed only MMP‐12 mRNA under basal conditions. IL‐1β enhanced MMP‐3 mRNA levels while LPS increased the MMP‐3, ‐9, ‐12, ‐13 and ‐14 mRNAs. Our findings reveal that regulatory control of TIMP and MMP gene expression by glial cells is agonist‐ and cell‐type specific, and suggest that innate immune signals govern the temporal and spatial expression patterns of TIMP and MMP genes in neuroinflammatory conditions of the CNS.