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Role of glutathione in intracellular amyloid‐α precursor protein/carboxy‐terminal fragment aggregation and associated cytotoxicity
Author(s) -
Woltjer Randall L.,
Nghiem William,
Maezawa Izumi,
Milatovic Dejan,
Vaisar Tomas,
Montine Kathleen S.,
Montine Thomas J.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03109.x
Subject(s) - glutathione , buthionine sulfoximine , cytotoxicity , chemistry , biochemistry , oxidative stress , neurodegeneration , intracellular , amyloid precursor protein , amyloid (mycology) , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , alzheimer's disease , in vitro , medicine , enzyme , inorganic chemistry , disease
Alterations in glutathione (GSH) metabolism are associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and GSH depletion follows application of exogenous fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in experimental systems; these results are commonly cited as evidence of oxidative damage in AD. We used MC65 human neuroblastoma cells that conditionally express carboxy‐terminal fragments of the Aβ precursor protein (Aβ/CTFs) to directly test the hypothesis that GSH is part of the cellular response to stressors associated with Aβ/CTF accumulation and not simply a marker of oxidative damage. Our data showed that Aβ/CTFs accumulated by post‐translational processes and were associated with progressive increases in oxidative damage and cytotoxicity. Ethycrinic acid (EA) or diethyl maleate (DEM), reagents that deplete GSH through non‐specific thiol adduction, gave rise to dose‐dependent cytotoxicity that was independent of Aβ/CTF expression and minimally responsive to α‐tocopherol (AT). In contrast, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a selective inhibitor of GSH synthase, not only augmented Aβ/CTF‐associated cell death but unexpectedly potentiated Aβ/CTF accumulation; both outcomes were completely suppressed by AT. These data suggest that antioxidants may serve as ‘Aβ targeting’ therapies that suppress toxic protein aggregation rather than simply acting as downstream radical scavengers.