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Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage with sublingual misoprostol or oxytocin: a double‐blind randomised controlled trial
Author(s) -
Bellad MB,
Tara D,
Ganachari MS,
Mallapur MD,
Goudar SS,
Kodkany BS,
Sloan NL,
Derman R
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
bjog: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.157
H-Index - 164
eISSN - 1471-0528
pISSN - 1470-0328
DOI - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03341.x
Subject(s) - medicine , misoprostol , oxytocin , obstetrics , sublingual administration , incidence (geometry) , randomized controlled trial , pregnancy , anesthesia , abortion , genetics , physics , optics , biology
Please cite this paper as: Bellad M, Tara D, Ganachari M, Mallapur M, Goudar S, Kodkany B, Sloan N, Derman R. Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage with sublingual misoprostol or oxytocin: a double‐blind randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2012;119:975–986. Objective Sublingual misoprostol produces a rapid peak concentration, and is more effective than oral administration. We compared the postpartum measured blood loss with 400 μg powdered sublingual misoprostol and after standard care using 10 iu intramuscular (IM) oxytocin. Design Double‐blind randomised controlled trial. Setting A teaching hospital: J N Medical College, Belgaum, India. Sample A cohort of 652 consenting eligible pregnant women admitted to the labour room. Methods Subjects were assigned to receive the study medications and placebos within 1 minute of clamping and cutting the cord by computer‐generated randomisation. Chi‐square and bootstrapped Student’s t ‐tests were used to test categorical and continuous outcomes, respectively. Main outcome measures Measured mean postpartum blood loss and haemorrhage (PPH, loss ≥500 ml), >10% pre‐ to post‐partum decline in haemoglobin, and reported side effects. Results The mean blood loss with sublingual misoprostol was 192 ± 124 ml ( n = 321) and 366 ± 136 ml with oxytocin IM ( n = 331, P ≤ 0.001). The incidence of PPH was 3.1% with misoprostol and 9.1% with oxytocin ( P = 0.002). No woman lost ≥1000 ml of blood. We observed that 9.7% and 45.6% of women experienced a haemoglobin decline of >10% after receiving misoprostol and oxytocin, respectively ( P ≤ 0.001). Side effects were significantly greater in the misoprostol group than in the oxytocin group. Conclusion Unlike other studies, this trial found sublingual misoprostol more effective than intramuscular oxytocin in reducing PPH, with only transient side effects being greater in the misoprostol group. The sublingual mode and/or powdered formulation may increase the effectiveness of misoprostol, and render it superior to injectable oxytocin for the prevention of PPH. Further research is needed to confirm these results.