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World Health Organisation multicentre randomised trial of supplementation with vitamins C and E among pregnant women at high risk for pre‐eclampsia in populations of low nutritional status from developing countries
Author(s) -
Villar J,
Purwar M,
Merialdi M,
Zavaleta N,
thi Nhu Ngoc N,
Anthony J,
De Greeff A,
Poston L,
Shennan A
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
bjog: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.157
H-Index - 164
eISSN - 1471-0528
pISSN - 1470-0328
DOI - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02158.x
Subject(s) - medicine , eclampsia , placebo , relative risk , obstetrics , pregnancy , gestational age , vitamin d and neurology , gestation , prenatal care , preeclampsia , randomized controlled trial , gestational hypertension , population , confidence interval , genetics , alternative medicine , environmental health , pathology , biology
Objective To determine if vitamin C and E supplementation in high‐risk pregnant women with low nutritional status reduces pre‐eclampsia. Design Multicentred, randomised, controlled, double‐blinded trial. Setting Antenatal care clinics and Hospitals in four countries. Population Pregnant women between 14 and 22 weeks’ gestation. Method Randomised women received 1000 mg vitamin C and 400 iu of vitamin E or placebo daily until delivery. Main outcome measures Pre‐eclampsia, low birthweight, small for gestational age and perinatal death. Results Six hundred and eighty‐seven women were randomised to the vitamin group and 678 to the placebo group. Groups had similar gestational ages (18.1; SD 2.4 weeks), socio‐economic, clinical and demographical characteristics and blood pressure at trial entry. Risk factors for eligibility were similar, except for multiple pregnancies: placebo group (14.7%), vitamins group (11.8%). Previous pre‐eclampsia, or its complications, was the most common risk factor at entry (vitamins 41.6%, placebo 41.3%). Treatment compliance was 87% in the two groups and loss to follow‐up was low (vitamins 2.0%, placebo 1.3%). Supplementation was not associated with a reduction of pre‐eclampsia (RR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.9–1.3), eclampsia (RR: 1.5; 95% CI: 0.3–8.9), gestational hypertension (RR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.9–1.7), nor any other maternal outcome. Low birthweight (RR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8–1.1), small for gestational age (RR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8–1.1) and perinatal deaths (RR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6–1.2) were also unaffected. Conclusion Vitamins C and E at the doses used did not prevent pre‐eclampsia in these high‐risk women.