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First‐trimester increase in oxidative stress and risk of small‐for‐gestational‐age fetus
Author(s) -
Potdar N,
Singh R,
Mistry V,
Evans MD,
Farmer PB,
Konje JC,
Cooke MS
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
bjog: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.157
H-Index - 164
eISSN - 1471-0528
pISSN - 1470-0328
DOI - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02096.x
Subject(s) - medicine , gestation , interquartile range , pregnancy , obstetrics , gestational age , small for gestational age , creatinine , fetus , population , urinary system , genetics , environmental health , biology
Objective Investigation of increased oxidative stress in early pregnancy and association with an increased risk of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetus. Design Longitudinal case–control study. Setting University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK. Population Low‐risk pregnant women with no current or pre‐existing medical illness were recruited at a large teaching hospital from 2004 to 2006. Methods Recruitment performed at the time of the dating ultrasound scan (12 ± 2 weeks of gestation). Spot urine samples collected at 12 ± 2 and 28 ± 2 weeks of gestation were analysed for 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry). SGA was defined as birthweight <10th centile based on customised centile calculator ( www.gestation.net ). This identified the cases ( n = 55), whereas controls ( n = 55) were mothers whose babies were appropriate for gestational age (AGA, birthweight 10th–90th centile). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism v.5. The relationship between maternal urinary 8‐oxodG at different gestations and customised SGA was investigated by nonparametric tests. Main outcome measures Customised SGA and AGA pregnancies. Results Urinary 8‐oxodG concentrations were significantly increased in pregnancies with subsequent SGA compared with concentrations in normal pregnancies; 12 weeks: 2.8 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.96–3.67) versus 2.2 (IQR 1.26–3.28) pmol 8‐oxodG/μmol creatinine ( P = 0.0007); 28 weeks: 2.21 (IQR 1.67–3.14) versus 1.68 (IQR 1.16–2.82) pmol 8‐oxodG/μmol creatinine ( P < 0.0002). Concentrations decreased significantly between week 12 and 28 ( P = 0.04 and P = 0.02 for controls and cases). Conclusions In this study, urinary 8‐oxodG at 12 and 28 weeks were elevated in SGA compared with AGA pregnancies. This may reflect early placental changes predating clinical features of SGA.