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Body composition by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in women with previous pre‐eclampsia or small‐for‐gestational‐age offspring
Author(s) -
Berends AL,
Zillikens MC,
de Groot CJM,
Rivadeneira F,
Oostra BA,
van Duijn CM,
Steegers EAP
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
bjog: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.157
H-Index - 164
eISSN - 1471-0528
pISSN - 1470-0328
DOI - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02044.x
Subject(s) - waist , body mass index , medicine , offspring , anthropometry , population , lean body mass , body adiposity index , obstetrics , dual energy x ray absorptiometry , circumference , pregnancy , fat mass , endocrinology , classification of obesity , biology , bone mineral , body weight , mathematics , geometry , environmental health , osteoporosis , genetics
Objective To investigate differences in body composition and fat distribution between women with previous pre‐eclampsia or small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) offspring and those with uncomplicated pregnancies. Design Cohort study. Setting Population‐based study in a genetically isolated population in the southwest of the Netherlands. Population Women after pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia ( n =45), SGA offspring ( n =53) and uncomplicated pregnancies ( n =106). Methods Women were compared for body composition and fat distribution variables, assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometrics at a mean follow‐up time of 10.8 (SD ±5.9) years after pregnancy. Main outcome measures Total lean and fat mass, android fat mass, gynoid fat mass, android‐to‐gynoid fat ratio, waist and hip circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio. Results Women with previous pre‐eclampsia compared with controls had higher mean total fat mass index (11.5 ± 0.6 versus 9.7 ± 0.4 kg/m 2 ; P = 0.03), lean mass index (15.8 ± 0.3 versus 14.5 ± 0.2 kg/m 2 ; P = 0.001) and body mass index ([BMI]; 28.4 ± 0.8 versus 25.4 ± 0.5 kg/m 2 ; P = 0.005). Their waist circumferences (90.7 ± 2.0 versus 78.5 ± 1.3 cm; P < 0.001) and waist‐to‐hip ratios (0.86 ± 0.01 versus 0.77 ± 0.01; P < 0.001) were also higher as well as android fat mass (2.8 ± 0.2 versus 2.1 ± 0.1 kg; P = 0.01) and android‐to‐gynoid fat ratios (0.45 ± 0.02 versus 0.39 ± 0.01; P = 0.02). Mean total fat, lean and BMI was not significantly different between women with previous SGA offspring and controls, yet waist‐to‐hip ratios (0.83 ± 0.01; P < 0.001) were higher. The observed differences in waist and hip circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio and gynoid fat mass could not be attributed to differences in BMI. Conclusion Women with previous pre‐eclampsia or SGA offspring pregnancies compared with those with uncomplicated pregnancies have a preferential fat accumulation in the abdominal over hip region, which may explain, at least partly, their increased cardiovascular risk.