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The effect of water hardness on washing performance of built and unbuilt surfactants
Author(s) -
UMBER JO J.,
BROWN DONNA M.,
CAMERON BRUCE A.,
MEYER SONYA S.,
POWELL JUDITH A.,
SISCO BURTON R.
Publication year - 1992
Publication title -
journal of consumer studies and home economics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.775
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1470-6431
pISSN - 0309-3891
DOI - 10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00508.x
Subject(s) - sodium carbonate , sodium , pulmonary surfactant , chemistry , carbonate , nuclear chemistry , chemical engineering , pulp and paper industry , organic chemistry , engineering , biochemistry
Five different surfactants were used at 2.0% concentrations. The most and least effective were found to be Synthrapol N and Ahcowet RS respectively; based on their rating of whiteness index. Synthrapol N and Ahcowet RS were evaluated with the addition of sodium carbonate, sodium tripolyphosphate and a 1:1 combination of the two builders. In both cases the addition of a builder improved the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant. Although each builder alone improved the cleaning efficiency, the combination of sodium carbonate and sodium tripolyphosphate improved efficiency at a lower total concentration.