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The Symmetry of Emotional and Deliberate Facial Actions
Author(s) -
Ekman Paul,
Hager Joseph C.,
Friesen Wallace V.
Publication year - 1981
Publication title -
psychophysiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.661
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1469-8986
pISSN - 0048-5772
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02919.x
Subject(s) - psychology , facial expression , face (sociological concept) , facial symmetry , emotional expression , cognitive psychology , social psychology , communication , linguistics , philosophy
Asymmetries of the smiling facial movement were more frequent in deliberate imitations than spontaneous emotional expressions. When asymmetries did occur they were usually stronger on the left side of the face if the smile was deliberate. Asymmetrical emotional expressions, however, were about equally divided between those stronger on the left side of the face and those stronger on the right. Similar findings were obtained for the actions involved in negative emotions, but a small data base made these results tentative.