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Expectation Effects in Alpha Wave Control
Author(s) -
Valle Ronald S.,
Levine John M.
Publication year - 1975
Publication title -
psychophysiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.661
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1469-8986
pISSN - 0048-5772
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01296.x
Subject(s) - alpha (finance) , electroencephalography , alpha wave , psychology , artifact (error) , audiology , period (music) , task (project management) , neurofeedback , biofeedback , developmental psychology , neuroscience , physics , medicine , psychiatry , construct validity , management , acoustics , economics , psychometrics
In a study designed In investigate expectation artifact in EEG alpha training, Ss' actual direction of alpha change and expected direction of change were orthogonally manipulated in a 2x2 design. Twenty Ss actually enhanced alpha and 20 actually suppressed alpha (Task manipulation). Within each Tank group. 10 Ss were led to believe they enhanced alpha and 10 were told they suppressed alpha (Expectation manipulation) Five high and 5 low alpha baseline Ss were assigned to each of the 4 conditions. Ss participated in 4 alpha training sessions in a dark room, each composed or a 2‐min eyes‐closed baseline period followed by 20 2‐min training period with a tone indicating S's EEG activity. Results, based on percent alpha change between the baseline period and the final alpha training period in each session, indicated that Ss who believed they enhanced alpha controlled alpha significantly better (more enhancement in the Task Enhancement condition and more suppression in the Task Suppression condition) than Ss who believed they suppressed alpha, Implications of expectation artifact for EEG biofeedback studies were discussed.