Premium
Experience of using electromyography of the genioglossus in the investigation of paediatric dysphagia
Author(s) -
VIJAYAKUMAR KAYAL,
ROCKETT JULIET,
RYAN MARTINA,
HARRIS REBECCA,
PITT MATTHEW,
DEVILE CATHERINE
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
developmental medicine and child neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.658
H-Index - 143
eISSN - 1469-8749
pISSN - 0012-1622
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04431.x
Subject(s) - medicine , swallowing , dysphagia , odds ratio , confounding , craniofacial , bulbar palsy , confidence interval , cerebral palsy , pediatrics , gastrostomy , cohort , neurology , univariate analysis , multivariate analysis , surgery , physical therapy , psychiatry
Aim The aim of the study was to assess, retrospectively, the utility of genioglossus electromyography (gEMG) in evaluating children with suspected neurogenic feeding and swallowing difficulties. Method Children who were evaluated using gEMG at a tertiary paediatric neurology dysphagia service were reviewed. Data were analysed by the presence/absence of neurogenic changes on gEMG and the method of feeding at their most recent follow‐up. Results The study group comprised 59 individuals (36 males, 23 females; median age 20mo; range 1mo–15y). The study cohort included individuals with heterogeneous neurological phenotypes ( n =40), craniofacial syndrome ( n =10), and congenital bulbar palsy ( n =9). gEMG identified 35 out of 59 (60%) with neurogenic changes. At follow‐up, 24 individuals were on oral feeds and 35 were on alternative methods of feeding (nasogastric /gastrostomy). Eight out of 24 children on oral feeds showed neurogenic changes compared with 27 out of 35 on alternative feeds. χ 2 analysis of feeding method at follow‐up and the presence or absence of neurogenic change on EMG was highly significant ( p ≤0.002). When confounding factors for alternative feeds were accounted for on univariate analysis, the neurogenic changes, severe gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, and respiratory comorbidities were statistically significant in predicting the alternative feeding, whereas growth failure and behavioural difficulties were not significant confounders. Moreover, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the neurogenic changes were independently predictive of an alternative method of feeding after adjusting for other confounders with an odds ratio of 29.6 (95% confidence interval 3.97–220; p <0.007). Conclusion gEMG is a valuable complementary tool in the evaluation of children with neurogenic dysphagia as the degree of severity is independently correlated with long‐term feeding outcomes.