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Molecular aspects of the antagonistic interaction of smoke‐derived butenolides on the germination process of G rand R apids lettuce ( L actuca sativa ) achenes
Author(s) -
Soós Vilmos,
Sebestyén Endre,
Posta Martin,
Kohout Ladislav,
Light Marnie E.,
Staden Johannes,
Balázs Ervin
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04358.x
Subject(s) - germination , achene , seedling , dormancy , transcriptome , seed dormancy , botany , strigolactone , biology , smoke , abscisic acid , chemistry , horticulture , biochemistry , gene expression , gene , mutant , arabidopsis , organic chemistry
Summary Smoke‐derived compounds provide a strong chemical signal to seeds in the soil seed bank, allowing them to take advantage of the germination niche created by the occurrence of fire. The germination stimulatory activity of smoke can largely be attributed to karrikinolide ( KAR 1 ), while a related compound, trimethylbutenolide ( TMB ), has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on germination. The aim of this study was to characterize the interaction of these potent fire‐generated compounds. Dose–response analysis, leaching tests and a detailed transcriptome study were performed using highly KAR 1 ‐sensitive lettuce ( L actuca sativa cv ‘ G rand R apids’) achenes. Dose–response analysis demonstrated that the compounds are not competitors and TMB modulates germination in a concentration‐dependent manner. The transcriptome analysis revealed a contrasting expression pattern induced by the compounds. KAR 1 suppressed, while TMB up‐regulated ABA , seed maturation and dormancy‐related transcripts. The effect of TMB was reversed by leaching the compound, while the KAR 1 effect was only reversible by leaching within the first 2 h of KAR 1 treatment. Our findings suggest that the compounds may act in concert for germination‐related signaling. After the occurrence of fire, sufficient rainfall would contribute to post‐germination seedling recruitment by reducing the concentration of the inhibitory compound.