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Habitat filtering and niche differentiation jointly explain species relative abundance within grassland communities along fertility and disturbance gradients
Author(s) -
Maire Vincent,
Gross Nicolas,
Börger Luca,
Proulx Raphaël,
Wirth Christian,
Pontes Laíse da Silveira,
Soussana JeanFrançois,
Louault Frédérique
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04287.x
Subject(s) - niche , abundance (ecology) , relative species abundance , niche differentiation , biology , ecology , coexistence theory , ecological niche , habitat , competition (biology) , grassland , disturbance (geology) , niche segregation , paleontology
Summary Deterministic niche‐based processes have been proposed to explain species relative abundance within communities but lead to different predictions: habitat filtering ( HF ) predicts dominant species to exhibit similar traits while niche differentiation ( ND ) requires that species have dissimilar traits to coexist. Using a multiple trait‐based approach, we evaluated the relative roles of HF and ND in determining species abundances in productive grasslands. Four dimensions of the functional niche of 12 co‐occurring grass species were identified using 28 plant functional traits. Using this description of the species niche, we investigated patterns of functional similarity and dissimilarity and linked them to abundance in randomly assembled six‐species communities subjected to fertilization/disturbance treatments. Our results suggest that HF and ND jointly determined species abundance by acting on contrasting niche dimensions. The effect of HF decreased relative to ND with increasing disturbance and decreasing fertilization. Dominant species exhibited similar traits in communities whereas dissimilarity favored the coexistence of rare species with dominants by decreasing inter‐specific competition. This stabilizing effect on diversity was suggested by a negative relationship between species over‐yielding and relative abundance. We discuss the importance of considering independent dimensions of functional niche to better understand species abundance and coexistence within communities.