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Opportunities for improving phosphorus‐use efficiency in crop plants
Author(s) -
Veneklaas Erik J.,
Lambers Hans,
Bragg Jason,
Finnegan Patrick M.,
Lovelock Catherine E.,
Plaxton William C.,
Price Charles A.,
Scheible WolfRüdiger,
Shane Michael W.,
White Philip J.,
Raven John A.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04190.x
Subject(s) - phosphorus , photosynthetic efficiency , photosynthesis , nutrient , agronomy , biology , crop , biomass (ecology) , canopy , crop productivity , biomass partitioning , productivity , botany , ecology , chemistry , macroeconomics , organic chemistry , economics
Summary Limitation of grain crop productivity by phosphorus (P) is widespread and will probably increase in the future. Enhanced P efficiency can be achieved by improved uptake of phosphate from soil (P‐acquisition efficiency) and by improved productivity per unit P taken up (P‐use efficiency). This review focuses on improved P‐use efficiency, which can be achieved by plants that have overall lower P concentrations, and by optimal distribution and redistribution of P in the plant allowing maximum growth and biomass allocation to harvestable plant parts. Significant decreases in plant P pools may be possible, for example, through reductions of superfluous ribosomal RNA and replacement of phospholipids by sulfolipids and galactolipids. Improvements in P distribution within the plant may be possible by increased remobilization from tissues that no longer need it (e.g. senescing leaves) and reduced partitioning of P to developing grains. Such changes would prolong and enhance the productive use of P in photosynthesis and have nutritional and environmental benefits. Research considering physiological, metabolic, molecular biological, genetic and phylogenetic aspects of P‐use efficiency is urgently needed to allow significant progress to be made in our understanding of this complex trait.ContentsSummary 306 I. The need to use phosphorus efficiently 307 II. P‐use efficiency and P dynamics in a growing crop 307 III. P pools in plants 307 IV. Phosphorus pools and growth rates 310 V. Are crops different from other plants in their P concentration? 310 VI. Phosphorus use and photosynthesis 311 VII. Crop development and canopy P distribution 312 VIII. Internal redistribution of P in a growing vegetative plant 313 IX. Allocation of P to reproductive structures 314 X. Constraints to P remobilisation 315 XI. Do physiological or phylogenetic trade‐offs constrain traits that could improve PUE? 316 XII. Identifying genetic loci associated with PUE 316 XIII. Conclusions 317Acknowledgements 317References 317