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Host‐selective toxins, Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB, as necrotrophic effectors in the Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis– wheat interaction
Author(s) -
Ciuffetti Lynda M.,
Manning Viola A.,
Pandelova Iovanna,
Betts Melania Figueroa,
Martinez J. Patrick
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03362.x
Subject(s) - pyrenophora , biology , effector , gene , toxin , genetics , pathogen , microbiology and biotechnology , locus (genetics)
Summary Host‐selective toxins (HSTs) are effectors produced by some necrotrophic pathogenic fungi that typically confer the ability to cause disease. Often, diseases caused by pathogens that produce HSTs follow an inverse gene‐for‐gene model where toxin production is required for the ability to cause disease and a single locus in the host is responsible for toxin sensitivity and disease susceptibility. Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis represents an ideal pathogen for studying the biological significance of such inverse gene‐for‐gene interactions, because it displays a complex race structure based on its production of multiple HSTs. Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB are two proteinaceous HSTs produced by P. tritici‐repentis that are structurally unrelated and appear to evoke different host responses, yet each toxin confers the ability to cause disease. This review will summarize the current knowledge of how these two dissimilar HSTs display distinct modes of action, yet each confers pathogenicity to P. tritici‐repentis .