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Microcystin‐LR, a cyanobacterial toxin, induces growth inhibition and histological alterations in common reed ( Phragmites australis ) plants regenerated from embryogenic calli
Author(s) -
Máthé Csaba,
MHamvas Márta,
Vasas Gábor,
Surányi Gyula,
Bácsi István,
Beyer Dániel,
Tóth Szilvia,
Tímár Miklós,
Borbély George
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02230.x
Subject(s) - phragmites , aerenchyma , plantlet , cyanotoxin , biology , botany , axenic , stolon , tissue culture , microcystin , cyanobacteria , in vitro , ecology , wetland , biochemistry , genetics , bacteria
Summary• The aim of this study was to establish the histological effects of exposure to microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR), a cyanotoxin, on axenic Phragmites australis plantlets. • Plantlets were regenerated from embryogenic reed calli by tissue culture methods. • Microcystin‐LR inhibited the growth and development of embryogenic calli and the growth of reed plantlets. The 50% plantlet growth inhibitory concentration value (IC 50 ) of MC‐LR was 12 µg ml −1 (12.07 µ m ) on mineral medium and 36 µg ml −1 (36.22 µ m ) on Murashige‐Skoog medium. In the case of roots, the IC 50 value was 4.1 µg ml −1 (4.12 µ m ) on both media. Microcystin‐LR induced aerenchyma obturation, altered lignification of cell walls in the axial organs, root necrosis and the capture of lateral or adventitious roots in the tissues of axial organs of reed plantlets. Cyanotoxin induced the premature development of lateral roots, root coalescence and early aerenchyma formation. • Our data suggest that microcystin‐LR, a cyanotoxin, induced developmental and histological alterations leading to growth inhibition of reed, and the induced harms have an impact on understanding reed decay in eutrophic fresh waters.