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Geographic variation and plasticity to water and nutrients in Pelargonium australe
Author(s) -
Nicotra Adrienne B.,
Hermes Jacob P.,
Jones Cynthia S.,
Schlichting Carl D.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02157.x
Subject(s) - biology , phenotypic plasticity , plasticity , trait , adaptation (eye) , ecology , local adaptation , perennial plant , pelargonium , botany , population , physics , demography , neuroscience , sociology , computer science , programming language , thermodynamics
Summary• Here, patterns of phenotypic plasticity and trait integration of leaf characteristics in six geographically discrete populations of the perennial herb Pelargonium australe were compared. It was hypothesized that populations would show local adaptation in trait means, but similar patterns of plasticity and trait integration. Further, it was questioned whether phenotypic plasticity was positively correlated with environmental heterogeneity and whether plasticity for water‐use traits in particular was adaptive. • Seedlings were grown in a glasshouse at six combinations of water and nutrient availability. Leaf anatomical, morphological and gas exchange traits were measured. • High amounts of plasticity in leaf traits were found in response to changes in growth conditions and there was evidence of local adaptation among the populations. While there were significant correlations between plasticity and environmental heterogeneity, not all were positive. Notably, patterns of plasticity and trait integration varied significantly among populations. Despite that variation, some of the observed plasticity was adaptive: fitness was correlated with conservative water use when water was limiting. • Pelargonium arrived in Australia ∼5 million yr ago. It is concluded here that high amounts of plasticity, in some cases adaptive, and weak integration among traits may be key to the spread and success of this species.