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Seasonal changes in the pigments of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst, and the influence of summer ozone exposures
Author(s) -
ROBINSON DEBORAH C.,
WELLBURN ALAN R.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb01028.x
Subject(s) - antheraxanthin , violaxanthin , lutein , picea abies , chlorophyll , botany , fumigation , chlorophyll b , xanthophyll , ozone , chlorophyll a , zeaxanthin , chemistry , horticulture , biology , carotenoid , organic chemistry
summary There are always significant pigment changes in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] needles with time in different year classes, even through the winter, but no significant changes in current year needles occur either during summer exposure due to ozone (70 nl i −1 ) or in the winter following. Effects of summer ozone fumigation on pigment levels, however, are very evident in 1‐ (and 2‐)yr‐old needles. These include significant decreases of total amounts of chlorophyll a and b , violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and lutein. The only increase in pigment of 1‐yr‐old needles in the summer caused by ozone is that of 5, 6‐epoxy‐lutein; consequently, the 5, 6‐epoxy‐lutein/lutein ratio rises. Although traces of 5, 6‐epoxy‐lutein also occur in the winter afterwards, they are not significant but significant decreases in levels of chlorophylls, vioiaxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein and β‐carotene persist. The fall in chlorophyll a levels are greater than those of chlorophyll b so a significant fall in the chlorophyll a/b ratio also occurs. Similarly, the declines in amount of β‐carotene are not as great as those of chlorophyll a and therefore significant increases in the ratio of β‐carotene to chlorophyll a are observed. No time x treatment interactions occur after ozone fumigation of 1‐yr‐old needles has been stopped but time x ozone interactions are observed during fumigation in both chlorophyll a/b and violaxanthin/antheraxanthin ratios. Most pigment changes in 2‐yr‐old needles due to summer ozone exposure are complementary to those which occurred in 1‐yr‐old needles in response to ozone the summer before.