Premium
INJURIES TO LICHEN ULTRASTRUCTURE CAUSED BY SULPHUR DIOXIDE FUMIGATIONS
Author(s) -
HOLOPAINEN TOINI,
KÄRENLAMPI L.
Publication year - 1984
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb02738.x
Subject(s) - ultrastructure , chloroplast , thallus , organelle , biophysics , cytoplasm , chloroplast stroma , mitochondrion , thylakoid , biology , gill , pyrenoid , botany , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , fish <actinopterygii> , biochemistry , fishery , gene
S ummary Effects of SO 2 (0.05, 01 , 0.3 and 1.0 ppm) fumigations on the ultrastructure of the lichens Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. and Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. were studied with a transmission electron microscope. All concentrations of SO 2 caused characteristic ultrastructural symptoms. These were always observable before light microscopic and visible changes in thalli. Sulphur dioxide injury in the Trebouxia phycobiont cells of both species began as swelling and deformation of mitochondria, stretching of the chloroplast envelope and deformation of pyrenoglobuli. Later, stretching of thylakoids and degeneration of pyrenoid, chloroplast stroma, nucleus, mitochondria and cytoplasm were observable. It was typical of the later stages of SO 2 injury that thylakoids remained visible for a long time. The degree of injury in the algal cells increased with increasing SO 2 concentration and duration of exposure. The fungal cells showed ultrastructural symptoms, swelling of mitochondria and vesiculation of the mesosome‐like organelle, only at the highest concentration (1.0 ppm) of SO 2 . The experimental results are consistent with many earlier observations on natural material collected from industrial environments. Relationships between the ultrastructural and physiological changes caused by SO 2 are discussed.