The mating system and male mating success of the Virginia opossum ( Didelphis virginiana ) in Florida

The mating system of the Virginia opossum, a solitary, nocturnal marsupial, was studied over a period of two years in north–central Florida. There were two mating seasons each year, both lasting about four weeks and starting in mid‐January and late April, respectively. Radio‐tracking males and females revealed that, independent of body size, males doubled their home ranges during these periods to include an average of 5.9 females within their new ranges. Females were visited regularly and, on the night of oestrus, males directly competed for access to the female. Dominance and hence mating success was strongly related to body mass but not age. Dominant males weighed on average 3.18 kg (N = 20) compared to 2.65 kg of unsuccessful males. The largest of the competing males was successful in 20 of 23 cases involving at least two competitors. Individual male mating success varied from zero to three matings during a breeding season, but the range was probably underestimated. Mate searching activities were costly, as most males lost weight during both mating seasons. Weight changes were a function of body mass, with males over 2.2 kg losing up to 23% in weight and smaller males gaining weight. There was also evidence that male breeding activities entailed a survival cost.