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Mathematical and biological intermediacy in bone shape. Fourier analysis of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae in the mouse
Author(s) -
O'Higgins P.,
Johnson D. R.,
McAndrew T. J.
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
journal of zoology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.915
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1469-7998
pISSN - 0952-8369
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1988.tb04730.x
Subject(s) - univariate , biology , inheritance (genetic algorithm) , multivariate statistics , fourier analysis , fourier transform , cervical vertebrae , shape analysis (program analysis) , phenotype , multivariate analysis , anatomy , evolutionary biology , genetics , mathematics , statistics , gene , mathematical analysis , ecology , static analysis
We have used Fourier transforms and discriminant analysis to look at the shapes of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae from two pairs of mouse strains and biological intermediates (the F 1 s) between them. We have also constructed mathematically intermediate shapes and compared mathematical and biological intermediates. Mathematical and biological intermediates did not correspond in any of the 18 cases studied. We suggest that failure in correspondence is due to complex genetical and environmental factors acting on the F 1 phenotype, and that multivariate shape inheritance may be modelled in a similar way to univariate inheritance. Both depend on a large number of genetic loci.