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Latent class analysis of early developmental trajectory in baby siblings of children with autism
Author(s) -
Landa Rebecca J.,
Gross Alden L.,
Stuart Elizabeth A.,
Bauman Margaret
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of child psychology and psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.652
H-Index - 211
eISSN - 1469-7610
pISSN - 0021-9630
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02558.x
Subject(s) - psychology , autism , developmental psychology , developmental disorder , latent class model , statistics , mathematics
Background: Siblings of children with autism (sibs‐A) are at increased genetic risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and milder impairments. To elucidate diversity and contour of early developmental trajectories exhibited by sibs‐A, regardless of diagnostic classification, latent class modeling was used. Methods: Sibs‐A ( N = 204) were assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning from age 6 to 36 months. Mullen T scores served as dependent variables. Outcome classifications at age 36 months included: ASD ( N = 52); non‐ASD social/communication delay (broader autism phenotype; BAP; N = 31); and unaffected ( N = 121). Child‐specific patterns of performance were studied using latent class growth analysis. Latent class membership was then related to diagnostic outcome through estimation of within‐class proportions of children assigned to each diagnostic classification. Results: A 4‐class model was favored. Class 1 represented accelerated development and consisted of 25.7% of the sample, primarily unaffected children. Class 2 (40.0% of the sample), was characterized by normative development with above‐average nonverbal cognitive outcome. Class 3 (22.3% of the sample) was characterized by receptive language, and gross and fine motor delay. Class 4 (12.0% of the sample), was characterized by widespread delayed skill acquisition, reflected by declining trajectories. Children with an outcome diagnosis of ASD were spread across Classes 2, 3, and 4. Conclusions: Results support a category of ASD that involves slowing in early non‐social development. Receptive language and motor development is vulnerable to early delay in sibs‐A with and without ASD outcomes. Non‐ASD sibs‐A are largely distributed across classes depicting average or accelerated development. Developmental trajectories of motor, language, and cognition appear independent of communication and social delays in non‐ASD sibs‐A.