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Parent ratings of executive functioning in children adopted from psychosocially depriving institutions
Author(s) -
Merz Emily C.,
McCall Robert B.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of child psychology and psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.652
H-Index - 211
eISSN - 1469-7610
pISSN - 0021-9630
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02335.x
Subject(s) - psychology , normative , psychosocial , developmental psychology , executive functions , clinical psychology , cognition , psychiatry , epistemology , philosophy
Background: Previous studies have found that post‐institutionalized (PI) children are particularly susceptible to attention problems and perform poorly on executive functioning (EF) lab tasks. Methods: Parent ratings of EF were examined in 288 school‐age and 130 preschool‐age children adopted from psychosocially depriving Russian institutions that provided adequate physical resources but not one‐on‐one interactions with a consistent set of responsive caregivers. Results: Results revealed a step‐like association between age at adoption and EF deficits; school‐age children adopted after 18 months of age had greater EF difficulties than younger‐adopted children and the never‐institutionalized normative sample. The onset of adolescence was associated with a greater increase in EF deficits for children adopted after 18 months than for younger‐adopted children. Preschool‐age children were not found to have greater EF difficulties than the normative sample. Conclusions: These findings suggest that prolonged early psychosocial deprivation may increase children’s risk of EF deficits and that the developmental stresses of adolescence may be particularly challenging for older‐adopted PI children.