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Dynamic mapping of cortical development before and after the onset of pediatric bipolar illness
Author(s) -
Gogtay Nitin,
Ordonez Anna,
Herman David H.,
Hayashi Kiralee M.,
Greenstein Deanna,
Vaituzis Cathy,
Lenane Marge,
Clasen Liv,
Sharp Wendy,
Giedd Jay N.,
Jung David,
Nugent III Tom F.,
Toga Arthur W.,
Leibenluft Ellen,
Thompson Paul M.,
Rapoport Judith L.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of child psychology and psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.652
H-Index - 211
eISSN - 1469-7610
pISSN - 0021-9630
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01747.x
Subject(s) - bipolar disorder , psychology , schizophrenia (object oriented programming) , psychosis , bipolar illness , neuroscience , age of onset , anterior cingulate cortex , mood , cortex (anatomy) , psychiatry , cognition , medicine , mania , disease
Background: There are, to date, no pre‐post onset longitudinal imaging studies of bipolar disorder at any age. We report the first prospective study of cortical brain development in pediatric bipolar illness for 9 male children, visualized before and after illness onset. Method: We contrast this pattern with that observed in a matched group of healthy children as well as in a matched group of 8 children with ‘atypical psychosis’ who had similar initial presentation marked by mood dysregulation and transient psychosis (labeled as ‘multi‐dimensionally impaired’ (MDI)) as in the bipolar group, but have not, to date, developed bipolar illness. Results: Dynamic maps, reconstructed by applying novel cortical pattern matching algorithms, for the children who became bipolar I showed subtle, regionally specific, bilaterally asymmetrical cortical changes. Cortical GM increased over the left temporal cortex and decreased bilaterally in the anterior (and sub genual) cingulate cortex. This was seen most strikingly after the illness onset, and showed a pattern distinct from that seen in childhood onset schizophrenia. The bipolar neurodevelopmental trajectory was generally shared by the children who remained with MDI diagnosis without converting to bipolar I, suggesting that this pattern of cortical development may reflect affective dysregulation (lability) in general. Conclusions: These dynamic trajectories of cortical development may explain age‐related disparate findings from cross‐sectional studies of bipolar illness, and suggest the importance of mood disordered non‐bipolar control group in future studies.