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Pyloric tonsil as a novel gut‐associated lymphoepithelial organ of the chicken
Author(s) -
Nagy Nándor,
Oláh Imre
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of anatomy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.932
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1469-7580
pISSN - 0021-8782
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00766.x
Subject(s) - endoderm , ectoderm , lymphatic system , germ layer , biology , tonsil , mesoderm , anatomy , lymph , myoepithelial cell , pathology , duodenum , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , immunohistochemistry , cellular differentiation , immunology , embryo , embryogenesis , embryonic stem cell , biochemistry , induced pluripotent stem cell , gene
The pyloric tonsil is a novel peripheral lymphoepithelial organ of the gastrointestinal tract in the chicken. It forms a complete lymphoid ring at the beginning of the duodenum, where crypts of Lieberkühn are transformed to tonsillar crypts with lymphoepithelial lining. The oesophageal (described previously) and pyloric tonsils are characteristic of the chicken, while they are absent in mammals. The lymphoid system develops from the middle germ layer, the mesoderm, and forms connections with the ecto‐ and endoderm, namely the skin and gut, respectively. These connections are based on the lymphoepithelial lining of the crypts, and provide gates for environmental antigens. Recent findings, taken together with the literature, suggest that in birds the lymphoid system forms connections with the endoderm‐derived organs that are anatomically and histologically more extensive than the ectoderm‐derived ones, which may be explained by the absence of regional lymph nodes, and the less developed lymphoid circulation of the skin.