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Morphometric analysis of facial landmark data to characterize the facial phenotype associated with fetal alcohol syndrome
Author(s) -
Mutsvangwa Tinashe,
Douglas Tania S.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of anatomy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.932
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1469-7580
pISSN - 0021-8782
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00683.x
Subject(s) - landmark , procrustes analysis , fetal alcohol syndrome , philtrum , fetal alcohol , palpebral fissure , facial symmetry , hypoplasia , anatomy , anatomical landmark , biology , orthodontics , medicine , artificial intelligence , computer science , genetics , upper lip , pregnancy
Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis were applied to stereo‐photogrammetrically obtained landmarks to compare the facial features associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in subjects with FAS and normal controls. Two studies were performed; both compared facial landmark data of FAS and normal subjects, but they differed in the number of landmarks chosen. The first study compared landmarks representing palpebral fissure length, upper lip thinness and philtrum smoothness and revealed no significant difference in shape. The second study added to the landmarks used in the first those affected by mid‐face hypoplasia, and revealed significant differences in shape between the two groups, broadly confirming the FAS gestalt reported in the literature. Some disagreement in the characteristic FAS facial shape between our results and those reported in the literature may be due to ethnic variation.