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Anti‐desmoglein 1 antibodies in healthy related and unrelated subjects and patients with pemphigus foliaceus in endemic and non‐endemic areas from Tunisia
Author(s) -
Abida O,
KallelSellami M,
Joly P,
Ben Ayed M,
Zitouni M,
Masmoudi A,
Mokni M,
Fezzaa B,
Ben Osman A,
Kammoun MR,
Gilbert D,
Turki H,
Tron F,
Masmoudi H,
Makni S
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of the european academy of dermatology and venereology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.655
H-Index - 107
eISSN - 1468-3083
pISSN - 0926-9959
DOI - 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03265.x
Subject(s) - pemphigus foliaceus , desmoglein 1 , medicine , desmoglein , pemphigus , autoantibody , antibody , immunology , pemphigus vulgaris , dermatology , desmoglein 3 , autoimmune disease
Background Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune blistering skin disease characterized by the production of pathogenic IgG autoantibodies directed against desmoglein 1. Aim To determine the prevalence of anti‐desmoglein 1 antibodies in healthy subjects and their distribution in the different regions of Tunisia and to better identify endemic areas of pemphigus foliaceus. Methods We tested, by enzyme‐linked immunoserbent assay, sera of 270 normal subjects recruited from different Tunisian areas and 203 related healthy relatives to 90 Tunisian pemphigus foliaceus patients. Results Seventy‐six patients (84.4%), 20 healthy controls (7.4%), and 32 relatives (15.76%) had anti‐desmoglein 1 antibodies. In southern regions where pemphigus foliaceus is associated with a significant sex ratio imbalance (9 female : 1 male in the south vs. 2.3 : 1 in the north) and a lower mean age of disease onset (33.5 in the south vs. 45 years in the north), a higher prevalence of anti‐desmoglein 1 antibodies in healthy controls was observed (9.23% vs. 5.71% in the north). Interestingly, the highest prevalence of anti‐desmoglein 1 antibodies in healthy relatives (up to 22%) was observed in the most rural southern localities. More than half anti‐desmoglein 1–positive healthy controls were living in rural conditions with farming as occupation, which suggests that this activity may expose the subjects to particular environmental conditions. Conclusion These results show that the endemic features of Tunisian pemphigus foliaceus are focused in these southern areas more than in other areas and that both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the disease. Conflicts of interest None declared.