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Gender‐Compensation Differences Among High‐Level Executives in the United States
Author(s) -
MUÑOZ–BULLÓN FERNANDO
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
industrial relations: a journal of economy and society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.61
H-Index - 57
eISSN - 1468-232X
pISSN - 0019-8676
DOI - 10.1111/j.1468-232x.2010.00604.x
Subject(s) - stock options , demographic economics , cash , compensation (psychology) , executive compensation , stock (firearms) , business , economics , psychology , labour economics , finance , social psychology , geography , archaeology
Bertrand and Hallock (2001: 3) present compelling evidence that female executives in the United States earned 45 percent less total compensation than their male counterparts for 1992–1997. We complement their results by analyzing data over a longer time period and, more importantly, contend that most of the unexplained gender difference in total pay among executives was due to gender differences in the portion of variable pay, in particular a different cash payout from stock option exercises.