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Self‐reported depression and anti‐depressant medication use in essential tremor: cross‐sectional and prospective analyses in a population‐based study
Author(s) -
Louis E. D.,
BenitoLeón J.,
BermejoPareja F.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
european journal of neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.881
H-Index - 124
eISSN - 1468-1331
pISSN - 1351-5101
DOI - 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01923.x
Subject(s) - medicine , depression (economics) , odds ratio , antidepressant , confidence interval , mood , prospective cohort study , population , mood disorders , major depressive disorder , psychiatry , anxiety , environmental health , hippocampus , economics , macroeconomics
There are few data on the co‐morbidity of essential tremor (ET) with depression. To assess the associations of ET with self‐reported depression and antidepressant medication use. In a population‐based study in central Spain, participants were evaluated at baseline (1994–1995) and 3 years later. Self‐reported depression and use of antidepressant medications were evaluated at each assessment. In cross‐sectional analyses, prevalent ET cases were twice more probably than controls to report depression [103 (43.8%) of 235 cases versus 1137 (26.0%) of 4379 controls; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66–2.93, P < 0.001] and three times more probably to be taking antidepressant medications [16 (6.8%) cases versus 113 (2.6%) controls; adjusted OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.91–5.82, P = 0.001]. In prospective analyses, baseline self‐reported depression (adjusted RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.11–2.89, P = 0.018) and, perhaps, baseline use of antidepressant medication (adjusted RR 1.90, 95% CI 0.59–6.05, P = 0.28) were associated with incident ET. Rather than being totally benign, ET seems to be associated with a mood disorder. Furthermore, as well as being a secondary response to disease manifestations, this mood disorder may be a primary feature of the underlying disease.