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PECAM‐1, a key player in neuroinflammation
Author(s) -
Kalinowska A.,
Losy J.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
european journal of neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.881
H-Index - 124
eISSN - 1468-1331
pISSN - 1351-5101
DOI - 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01640.x
Subject(s) - neuroinflammation , medicine , stroke (engine) , inflammation , multiple sclerosis , blood–brain barrier , pathogenesis , endothelium , neuroscience , microglia , cell adhesion molecule , immunology , disease , cd31 , pathology , central nervous system , biology , immunohistochemistry , mechanical engineering , engineering
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1, CD31) is a 130‐kDa protein, which plays a significant role in the adhesion cascade. It is therefore involved in leucocyte endothelium interaction and in leucocyte transendothelial migration during inflammation. As neuroinflammation and subsequent blood brain barrier disruption are integral processes in many neurological disorders, PECAM‐1 and its soluble form (sPECAM‐1) have been investigated in a number of conditions, rising hopes as a potential marker of disease activity, a possible target in treatment and a prognostic factor. It has been shown that serum and CSF levels of PECAM‐1 and sPECAM‐1 are increased in patients in active stages of multiple sclerosis. Similarly, they rise in individuals after ischaemic stroke. PECAM‐1 has also been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of A β ‐related cerebral vascular disorders, such as Alzheimer disease. It participates in the pathomechanism of paraneoplastic neurological disorders and in neuroinflammation in NeuroAIDS. A number of experiments on animal models were carried out in order to investigate PECAM‐1 role in the above‐mentioned conditions and more, including brain trauma and nerve root injury. In this review most recent investigations on PECAM‐1 biology and its role in neuroinflammation have been described and discussed from a multidisciplinary point of view.