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High prevalence of unintended pregnancies in HIV‐positive women of reproductive age in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective study
Author(s) -
Loutfy MR,
Raboud JM,
Wong J,
Yudin MH,
Diong C,
Blitz SL,
Margolese SL,
Hart TA,
Ogilvie G,
Masinde K,
Tharao WE,
Linklater G,
Salam K,
Ongoiba F,
Angel JB,
Smaill FM,
Rachlis AR,
Ralph ED,
Walmsley SL
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
hiv medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.53
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1468-1293
pISSN - 1464-2662
DOI - 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00946.x
Subject(s) - medicine , unintended pregnancy , pregnancy , demography , odds ratio , logistic regression , interquartile range , marital status , national survey of family growth , retrospective cohort study , obstetrics , reproductive medicine , fertility , population , family planning , environmental health , sociology , biology , research methodology , genetics
ObjectivesThere is speculation, but there are few data, on the high rates of unintended pregnancies in HIV‐positive women. We investigated rates and correlates of unintended pregnancies among HIV‐positive women of reproductive age.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with recruitment stratified to match the geographical distribution of HIV‐positive women of reproductive age (18–52 years) living in Ontario, Canada. Women, recruited from 38 sites between October 2007 and April 2009, were invited to complete a 189‐item self‐administered survey. This analysis focused on questions relating to pregnancy and whether the last pregnancy was intended. Logistic regression models were fitted to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of correlates of unintended pregnancies occurring after HIV diagnosis. Happiness with unintended pregnancies was also assessed.ResultsThe median age at the time of the survey of the 416 participating HIV‐positive women who were previously pregnant (53% before and 47% after HIV diagnosis) was 38 years [interquartile range (IQR) 33–44 years] and their last pregnancy was a median of 8 years (IQR 3–14 years) prior to the survey ( n =283). Fifty‐nine per cent were born outside Canada and 47% were of African ethnicity. Of the 416, 56% [95% confidence interval (CI) 51–61%] identified that their last pregnancy was unintended (57% before and 54% after HIV diagnosis). In the multivariable model, significant correlates of unintended pregnancy after HIV diagnosis were: marital status ( P =0.01) and never having given birth ( P =0.01). Women were less happy if their pregnancy was unintended ( P <0.01).ConclusionsThe prevalence of unintended pregnancy was high in this cohort. Pregnancy planning programmes are needed for this population to decrease fetal and maternal complications and reduce vertical and horizontal transmission.