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Increased rate of prematurity associated with antenatal antiretroviral therapy in a German/Austrian cohort of HIV‐1‐infected women
Author(s) -
GroschWoerner I,
Puch K,
Maier RF,
Niehues T,
Notheis G,
Patel D,
Casteleyn S,
FeiternaSperling C,
Groeger S,
Zaknun D
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
hiv medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.53
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1468-1293
pISSN - 1464-2662
DOI - 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00520.x
Subject(s) - medicine , prospective cohort study , pregnancy , odds ratio , caesarean section , obstetrics , gestational age , confidence interval , pediatrics , birth weight , cohort study , cohort , genetics , biology
Objective The aim of the study was to assess the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes after antenatal antiretroviral therapy in a well‐defined prospective cohort of nontransmitting HIV‐infected women. Methods Prospective monitoring of 183 mother–child pairs from 13 centres in Germany and Austria, delivering between 1995 and 2001, was carried out. Following German–Austrian guidelines recommending an elective Caesarean section (CS) at 36 weeks, prematurity was defined as <36 weeks' gestation for these analyses. Results Of 183 mother–child pairs, 42% were exposed to antenatal monotherapy and 17% to dual therapy. Of the 75 women exposed to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 21 (28%) received protease inhibitor (PI)‐based HAART and the remaining 54 received nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐based HAART. In multivariable analysis (176 pregnancies), PI‐based HAART exposure during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of premature delivery [adjusted odds ratio 3.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–10.2; P =0.029, compared with monotherapy]. Congenital abnormalities affected 3.3% infants. Perinatally, 18.9% of children (34 of 179) had respiratory problems requiring interventions, which were associated with prematurity but not with type of treatment exposure. From adjusted regression analysis, the mean birth weight z ‐score for children exposed to HAART with PI (+0.46; 95% CI 0.01–0.92; P =0.047) or dual therapy (+0.43; 95% CI 0.03–0.82; P =0.034) was slightly but significantly higher than that for those exposed to monotherapy; head circumference was appropriate for gestational age and there were no significant differences between treatment groups. Conclusions Use of antenatal PI‐based HAART initiated before or during pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of premature delivery at <36 weeks' gestation. The overall crude prematurity rate was 34% (63 of 183; 95% CI 28–42).