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A BIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF MORAL SYSTEMS
Author(s) -
Alexander Richard D.
Publication year - 1985
Publication title -
zygon®
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.222
H-Index - 23
eISSN - 1467-9744
pISSN - 0591-2385
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-9744.1985.tb00574.x
Subject(s) - group cohesiveness , morality , interpretation (philosophy) , reciprocity (cultural anthropology) , consistency (knowledge bases) , social psychology , epistemology , norm (philosophy) , psychology , sociology , mathematics , computer science , philosophy , geometry , programming language
. Moral systems are described as systems of indirect reciprocity, existing because of histories of conflicts of interest and arising as outcomes of the complexity of social interactions in groups of long‐lived individuals with varying conflicts and confluences of interest and indefinitely iterated social interactions. Although morality is commonly defined as involving justice for all people, or consistency in the social treatment of all humans, it may have arisen for immoral reasons, as a force leading to cohesiveness within human groups but specifically excluding and directed against other human groups with different interests.