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Shifting the Pension Mix: Consequences for Dutch and Danish Women
Author(s) -
Frericks Patricia,
Maier Robert,
De Graaf Willibrord
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
social policy and administration
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.972
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1467-9515
pISSN - 0144-5596
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-9515.2006.00500.x
Subject(s) - pension , danish , pension system , ideal (ethics) , norm (philosophy) , economics , ideal type , citizenship , disability pension , labour economics , private pension , business , political science , sociology , law , finance , politics , social science , linguistics , philosophy , population , demography
All European countries are aiming to reform their pension systems in line with two conceptual ideas: firstly, that systems should combine public, occupational and private pensions; secondly, that entitlements should be individualized. The Dutch and the Danish pension systems already consist of these three different pensions with relatively individualized entitlements and in a way form an ideal type of pension system. However, these systems are far from ideal since they are deeply gender biased. The positive effects of citizenship‐based state pensions conceal the negative ones. In addition, recent developments in the combination of the pension schemes counteract the positive effects. Given the male‐oriented norm when it comes to full pension entitlements, and given the fact that life courses are still gendered, these countries’ systems and developments have negative effects for women.