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Anxiousness, Frustration, and Effortful Control as Moderators of the Relation between Parenting and Adjustment in Middle‐childhood
Author(s) -
Lengua Liliana J.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
social development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.078
H-Index - 91
eISSN - 1467-9507
pISSN - 0961-205X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00438.x
Subject(s) - psychology , temperament , developmental psychology , child discipline , externalization , anxiety , psychological intervention , positive parenting , punishment (psychology) , spanking , clinical psychology , intervention (counseling) , human factors and ergonomics , personality , poison control , social psychology , medicine , environmental health , psychiatry
Interactions among multiple dimensions of child temperament and parenting were tested as predictors of change in child adjustment problems using a community sample (N = 188) of children (8–12 years). Significant interactions suggested that the effect of parenting on changes in problems were dependent upon temperament and, in some cases, child sex. Effortful control mitigated the potential negative impact of inconsistent discipline and physical punishment on externalizing problems, whereas frustration exacerbated the effects of inconsistent discipline and rejection. Anxiousness moderated parenting only for boys, mitigating the impact of inconsistent discipline on internalizing and externalizing problems but exacerbating the effects of physical punishment on externalizing problems. Implications for identifying children at risk for developing adjustment problems and for parenting interventions are discussed.