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On the development of encoding in anticipation of various tests of retention
Author(s) -
WRIGHT JOHAN
Publication year - 1977
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.743
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1467-9450
pISSN - 0036-5564
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1977.tb00264.x
Subject(s) - anticipation (artificial intelligence) , recall , psychology , free recall , encoding (memory) , audiology , recognition memory , recall test , developmental psychology , test (biology) , serial position effect , cognitive psychology , cognition , medicine , artificial intelligence , neuroscience , computer science , paleontology , biology
.— Seven, 9, 12–13, and 18–21‐year‐old subjects learned a pictorial material in anticipation of free recall (FR), serial recall (SR), or recognition tests. Type of anticipated test and test actually given were factorially combined, retention being tested after 2 min or after 2 weeks. Recall performance improved with age but recognition performance did not improve after CA 9. Differential anticipation had little effect on the performance of the youngest children. For older subjects the effects were clear‐cut and similar at all age levels and at both retention intervals. SR and recognition performance was best when subjects anticipated these tests, respectively; anticipation of recognition interfered with recall performance, and vice versa. The main age‐related improvement occurred between age levels 7 and 9.