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DNA Methylation: A Mechanism for Embedding Early Life Experiences in the Genome
Author(s) -
Szyf Moshe,
Bick Johanna
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
child development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.103
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1467-8624
pISSN - 0009-3920
DOI - 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01793.x
Subject(s) - epigenetics , dna methylation , mechanism (biology) , genome , biology , genetics , human genome , function (biology) , adaptation (eye) , phenotype , gene , neuroscience , gene expression , epistemology , philosophy
Although epidemiological data provide evidence that early life experience plays a critical role in human development, the mechanism of how this works remains in question. Recent data from human and animal literature suggest that epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, are involved not only in cellular differentiation but also in the modulation of genome function in response to early life experience affecting gene function and the phenotype. Such modulations may serve as a mechanism for life‐long genome adaptation. These changes seem to be widely distributed across the genome and to involve central and peripheral systems. Examining the environmental circumstances associated with the onset and reversal of DNA methylation will be critical for understanding risk and resiliency.